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To determine frequency and pattern of skin changes during pregnancy. Cross sectional study. Outpatient department of Dermatology and Gynaecology at Dow University Hospital, Ojha campus in Karachi. May 10, 2013 and January 10, 2014. [8 months]. It comprises 80 consecutive pregnant women with skin problem, who presented in outpatient department of Dermatology with referral cases from Obs and Gynae outpatient department.Information was collected on predesigned questionnaire after taking informed consent. Total 80 pregnant women were included in study with different skin problems. The results indicate thatmost of women 72.5% presented during third trimester and 43.8% women were primigravida. Striagravidarum and lneanigra was commonest physiological changes, reported in 54%, 52% women consecutively. Eczema,utricaria and candidiasis were reported in 16.3% and 15% and 15% women consecutively. Prurigo of pregnancy was reported in 17.5% followed by pruritic folliculitis of pregnancy in 6.3% women. This study concluded that skin changes during pregnancy are frequent in Pakistani women. These changes could be physiological or pathological
ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine the level of awareness of adolescent females about the menstrual pattern / problems and their understanding about its treatment
Study design: Cross-sectional study
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Dow University Hospital Ojha Campus Karachi, from February 2011 to February 2012
Methodology: Adolescent girls, who came as attendants with their patients, were included in the study. A structured questionnaire was used to determine age, socioeconomic status, educational status, age of menarche, menstrual pattern, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia and consultation for menstrual problems
Results: A total of 222 adolescents were included in the study. Mean age of the participants was 16.5 year. Mean age of menarche was 15 year. Out of 222 participants 57% of girls had normal cycle duration. Heavy bleeding was reported in 23%. Of the total, 57% participants had duration of flow between 3 to 6 days, and 74% experienced dysmenorrhea. Daily activities and academic activities were affected in 69.4% and 73% of the subjects respectively. In this study statistically significant relation was found between age and dysmenorrheal [p=0.004]. Out of the total, 63% participants believed in home remedies, 77% in advice from family members and 34.7% on self-medication. 61% participants considered the menstrual abnormality as problem. Around 42% participants were aware of medical treatment and 80% participants did not have knowledge of menstrual abnormality, which had statistically significant relation with the age of the participant [p=value of 0.001]
Conclusions: Menstrual problems among adolescent female were common. Lack of knowledge and awareness demands health education on puberty and menstrual problems
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Objective: The aim was to estimate the prevalence of Insulin Resistance [IR] in Poly Cystic Ovary Syndrome [PCOS] and analyze its clinical parameters
Methodology: This observational study was conducted at Dow University Hospital during June 2011 till May 2012. Patients of PCOS were selected, an anthropometric measurement, examination and fasting blood test for sugar [FBS] and insulin was performed. Data was collected on pre designed questionnaire, was analyzed by SPSS version 16
Results: Forty-six cases of PCOS were included in the study. Prevalence of IR was 34.78%. Mean age of patients was 23.72 +/- 4.37 years. Waist Hip Ratio [WHR] was raised in 42 [91.30%], acanthosis was found in 26[56.50%], impaired FBS was seen in 9 [19.6%] and raised fasting insulin in 16 [34.8%] patients. There was significant association between acanthosis and WHR [0.044] and between acanthosis and FBS [0.008]. Correlation studies between parameters showed a significant correlation between Waist and Hips [0.93], similarly Waist and WHR showed positive correlation [0.59], at p < 0.01. Significant positive correlation was also found between waist and FBS [0.32] and FBS and WHR [0.378]
Conclusion: Acanthosis nigrican, raised WHR and FBS are significant parameters for insulin resistance in cases of Poly Cystic Ovary Syndrome [PCOS]
ABSTRACT
Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a common disease among the women in reproductive age group and more common in South Asian women. Clinical presentations include menstrual disorders, subfertility, obesity,hirsutism, acne vulgaris and acanthosis. The objective of study was to investigate co relation between acne and polycystic ovaries and its relation to menstrual irregularity. A total of 56women were enrolled in the study from Outpatient Department of Obs and Gynae and Dermatology, Dow University Hosptial, Ojha campus by convenient sampling. It was cross sectional study, conducted from July 2012 to November 2012.Verbal consent was taken. Sociodemographic information,Anthropometric measurement [height, weight, BMI] and acne severity with affected area, menstrual irregularities were administered on pre designed questionnaire.Pelvic ultrasound for polycystic ovaries and serum LH, FSH in follicular phase of menstrual cycle [2nd day] advised from Dow Radiology and Dow Lab respectively. A total of56 patients of PCOS were enrolled during five month period. The mean age of patient was 21.1 +/- SD 0.994. Frequency of acne was 32 [57.1%].The mean BMI was 19.66 +/- SD 4.54. Face was the commonest area involved in 24 [42.9%], menstrual irregularity was found in 50 [89.4%] women. There was no statistically significant relation seen between acne and oligomenorrhea. [X2 = 0.55, P = 0.45]. It was also determined that there was no co relation seen between the acne and serum testosterone level calculated by independent sample t test.[P = 0.17] but statistically significant association seen between severity of acne and serum LH/FSH ratio, [ttest =3.28, p= 0.004] Acne was found in 32 [57.1%] women with PCOS. The study results revealed a significant association seen between severity of acne and serum LH/FSH ratio. Relation between acne and serum testosterone level was statistically insignificant
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To determine the frequency of labour dysfunction and associated feto-maternal outcome in primigravidas. Descriptive case series. Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit II Civil Hospital Karachi, from January 2007 to August 2007. A total of 100 primigravidas were included, having term singleton foetus in active phase of labour. The process of labour was recorded on partogram with maternal and foetal parameters. Among the study participants, partogram curve of 74% primigravidas showed labour dysfunction and required augmentation. Median duration of first stage of labour was 9 hours, second stage of 30 minutes and third stage of 8 minutes. Out of total patients, 82% neonates were observed with good Apgar score and 18% had poor Apgar score. There were 2% cases of puerperal pyrexia but no case of PPH, ruptured uterus and obstructed labour. Partogram is an inexpensive and efficient method of labour monitoring which depicts any dysfunction in labour timely so that early intervention could take place. With the use of partogram the mean duration of labour was reduced.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Outcome , Gravidity , FetusABSTRACT
Tubal sterilization is an increasingly common method of contraception. Although pregnancy after sterilization is uncommon, it can occur and may be ectopic. Surprisingly, failures are not limited to the first year or two, but continued to appear even after many years during follow-up. In this paper, we report a case of ectopic pregnancy in a patient who underwent bilateral tubal ligation seven years ago for contraception
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Fallopian Tubes/surgery , Contraception , LigationABSTRACT
To determine that serum uric acid as a predictor in pre-eclampsia during pregnancy. To determine fetal and maternal outcome in pregnancy with hypertension. Case control study. Gyne Unit-2, Civil Hospital Karachi. Duration: 8 months [1st March 2008 to 30 October 2008]. 30-Cases of singleton primigravida with BP > 160/110 mmHg and 30-Cases of singleton primigravida with Normal BP 120/80 mmHg were studied at the time of delivery. Thirty Patients with pre-eclampsia taken along with thirty patients with normal BP, since higher proportion of un-booked woman in Pre-eclampsia group than normotensive group. Significantly low gestational age in Pre-eclampsia group mean is 34 weeks and 37 weeks for normotensive group. Mean age of marriage for both groups is 1-2 years in both groups. No difference in mean age in pre-eclampsia and normotensive group that may be due to duration of marriage and early marriage trend in our culture. History of hypertension is seen in 19 [63.3%] of patients. The average birth weight of patients with pre-eclampsia is 2.5 Kg and 3 Kg for normotensive group. Difference may be due to preterm delivery in pre-eclampsia. Apgar score low in pre-eclampsia group. Increase caesarean rate is 93.3% Vs 20% in pre-eclampsia and normotensive group. This difference is due to the fact the caesarean section is considered to be safest mode of delivery for pre-eclampsia group. Uric acid level > 0.45 mmol/1 was observed in 15 patients [50% of pre-eclampsia group] and 7 patients [23.3% of woman with normal blood pressure]. Maternal hyper uricemia is a strong predictor of maternal disease progression and fetal outcome. Thus it can be used as useful and inexpensive marker of predicting pre-eclampsia and fetal growth retardation in women presenting with gestational hypertension